ʻO nā huahana e pili ana i ka tile felt asphalt: 1) tile asphalt. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā shingles asphalt ma Kina no nā makahiki he ʻumi a ʻaʻohe kūlana maʻamau. Ua like kona hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka tile fiber aniani sima, akā hoʻohana ʻia ka asphalt ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa. Hiki iā ia ke kui a me ka ʻoki, he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻohana. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka tile felt asphalt, ke emi nei kona laulā noi, a no ka mea ua kokoke ka mānoanoa o ka tile i 1cm, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻia ka fiber aniani a me nā ʻāpana lāʻau ma ke ʻano he hoʻopiha hoʻoikaika, manaʻo pū kekahi ua kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai. 2) Tile Fiberglass? tile i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka fiber aniani.He ʻano huahana nui kēia, me nā tile FRP i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ke aniani fiber, nā tile sima i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ke aniani fiber a me nā tile pālolo rhombic. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka tile FRP i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ke aniani fiber a uhi ʻia me ka epoxy a i ʻole polyester resin. Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pale lā maʻamau me kēia mea. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka tile sima i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ke aniani fiber (a i ʻole rhombolite tile) me ke aniani fiber kūpaʻa alkali, a uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao waho me ka sima mortar (a i ʻole rhombolite). Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano mea he huahana sima i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ke aniani fiber (GRC). Ma waho aʻe o nā tile sima, aia kekahi mau huahana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻauʻau, nā puka a me nā puka makani, a pēlā aku. E like me nā tile asphalt i luna, ʻo ka tile sima he tile nalu paʻa me ka nui nui, a ʻo kona lōʻihi a me ka laulā ma mua o 1m. 3) ʻO ka shingle uhi hale asphalt. He ʻano pepa kēia me ka fiber aniani a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ke kumu o ka huila e like me ka papa hoʻoikaika a ʻokiʻoki ʻia i loko o kekahi ʻano ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana e like me ke ʻano hana o ka mea wili wai ʻole asphalt. He palupalu maoli kēia ʻano mea, he ʻokoʻa ia mai nā huahana mua ʻelua. ʻO ke kapa ʻana iā ia he tile he inoa i hōʻaiʻē ʻia, no laila ʻo kona inoa Pelekania ʻo shingle ma kahi o tile. Hana ʻia kēia ʻano tile me ke olonā aniani e like me ke kumu hoʻoikaika o ka huila, ka asphalt oxidized a i ʻole ka asphalt i hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka mea uhi, a ʻo ka ʻili o luna ua hana ʻia me nā one kala like ʻole e like me ka lole hohola. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka hale ma ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana. Hiki ke kui ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka papa wai ʻole no kēlā me kēia M o ka hale he 11 kg (inā ʻoi aku ka māmā, ʻaʻole lawa ka mānoanoa o ka asphalt, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena wai ʻole)? ʻIke loa, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o 45 kg? M o ka papa wai ʻole o ka tile lepo. No laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā koi hāpai o ka tile felt asphalt ma ka papa kūkulu hale, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana. Ma muli o kēia, nui nā hui ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika e hana a kūʻai aku i kēia huahana, e like me soprema a me bardoline ma ʻEulopa, Owens & Cornings ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike holomua i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia huahana.