Iimveliso ezinxulumene nethayile yefelt ye-asphalt zezi: 1) ithayile ye-asphalt. Ii-shingles ze-asphalt bezisetyenziswa eTshayina amashumi eminyaka kwaye akukho mgangatho. Imveliso nokusetyenziswa kwayo kufana nethayile yefayibha yeglasi yesamente, kodwa i-asphalt isetyenziswa njenge-binder. Iyakwazi ukubethela kunye nokusarha, nto leyo elula ukuyisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunyuka kwethayile yefelt ye-asphalt, ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kwayo buya buncipha, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu bethayile buphantse bube yi-1cm, nangona ifayibha yeglasi kunye neetships zomthi zisetyenziswa njengokuzalisa ukuqinisa, kukwavakala ukuba ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu. 2) Ithayile yefayibha yeglasi? Ithayile eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi.Olu luhlu olukhulu lweemveliso, kuquka iithayile ze-FRP eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yeglasi, iithayile zesamente eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yeglasi kunye neethayile zodongwe ze-rhombic. Iithayile ze-FRP eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yeglasi ziqiniswe yifayibha yeglasi kwaye zigqunywe nge-epoxy okanye i-polyester resin. Ii-sunshades eziqhelekileyo zenziwe ngale nto. Iithayile zesamente eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yeglasi (okanye ithayile ye-rhombolite) ziqiniswe ngefayibha yeglasi enganyangekiyo kwi-alkali, kwaye ingaphandle ligqunywe ngesamente (okanye i-rhombolite). Olu hlobo lwezinto lukwabizwa ngokuba ziimveliso zesamente eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yeglasi (GRC). Ukongeza kwiithayile zesamente, kukho ezinye iimveliso, ezifana nebhafu, iingcango kunye neefestile, njl. Njengeethayile ze-asphalt ezingentla, ithayile yesamente yithayile yamaza aqinileyo enobukhulu obukhulu, kwaye ubude bayo nobubanzi ngokubanzi budlula i-1m. 3) I-shingle yophahla lwe-asphalt. Olu luhlobo lwezinto zeshiti ezinefayibha yeglasi kunye nezinye izinto njengesiseko setayara njengomaleko wokuqinisa kwaye zisikwe zibe yimo ethile emva kokuba zenziwe ngokwendlela yokuvelisa izinto ezibhityiweyo ze-asphalt ezingangeni manzi. Olu hlobo lwezinto luyakwazi ukuguquguquka, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kwiimveliso ezimbini zokuqala. Ukuyibiza ngokuba yithayile ngokwenene sisibizo esibolekiweyo, ngoko ke igama layo lesiNgesi yi-shingle endaweni yethayile. Olu hlobo lwethayile lwenziwe ngefayibha yeglasi njengesiseko sethayi esomeleleyo, i-asphalt e-oxidized okanye i-asphalt eguquliweyo njengezinto zokugquma, kwaye umphezulu ophezulu wenziwe ngesanti enemibala eyahlukeneyo njengelaphu lokusasazeka. Igalelwe eluphahleni ngendlela yokugquma. Ingabethelwa kwaye inamathele. Ubunzima bomaleko ongangeni manzi kwi-M nganye yophahla yi-11 kg (ukuba ilula, ubukhulu be-asphalt abwanele, nto leyo enokunciphisa isiphumo sokungabi namanzi)? Ngokucacileyo ilula kakhulu kune-45 kg? Umaleko ongangeni manzi wethayile yodongwe. Ke ngoko, iimfuno zokuthwala zethayile ye-asphalt felt kumaleko wesakhiwo sophahla ziphantsi, kwaye ukwakhiwa kulula. Ngenxa yoku, iinkampani ezininzi zaseYurophu naseMelika zivelisa kwaye zithengisa le mveliso, njenge-soprema kunye ne-bardoline eYurophu, i-Owens & Cornings e-United States, njl. zinamava aphumelelayo kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale mveliso.