Ukufakelwa kophahla kuseyenye yezona zinto zihombisa izindlu ezibiza kakhulu. Kuyo yonke i-United States, abanini bezindlu basebenzisa ii-asphalt shingles ukufulela nokuphinda kufulele—le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokwenza uphahla lwendlu. Ii-asphalt shingles zihlala ixesha elide, azibizi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuzifaka. Ezinye izinto zokufulela eziqhelekileyo ziquka iithayile, isinyithi, umthi, kunye neslate. Qiniseka ukuba ujonga rhoqo iimpawu zomonakalo wophahla ukuze uthintele iingxaki ezibizayo. Ukuba uphahla lonakele, nceda uqonde ukuba kufuneka ukulungiswa okulula kwindawo ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ukuphinda ulufake.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uhlolo olubonakalayo rhoqo lophahla ukuze kukhangelwe iimpawu zomonakalo. Iintlekele zemvelo ezifana neenkanyamba, iinyikima, okanye imililo ziimpawu ezicacileyo zomonakalo wophahla, kodwa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zinokuba ngamabala okanye amathontsi eluphahleni, iimpawu zokuguguleka (ezifana neengxondorha eziqhekekileyo okanye ezingekhoyo), amabala omhlwa, ukukhula kobusi okanye ulwelwe, phantsi kweengcango Ukutshintsha kombala okanye ipeyinti exobukayo.
Iishingle ze-asphalt zenziwe ngamasuntswana, adla ngokubola ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amasuntswana afunyenwe kwimisele yamanzi amdaka asenokubonisa ukuba iishingle ziyaqhekeka kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Ukuba kukho ukuvuza eluphahleni, ukuba indlu inophahla olungaphantsi komhlaba okanye uphahla olugobileyo, umninimzi unokufumanisa umthombo wokuvuza. Iindlela zokunyanga ukuvuza okulula ziquka ukuvala imingxunya nge-caulk, ukutshintsha ezinye ii-shingles okanye ukufaka iiphaneli ezingangeni manzi ukuze amanzi asuke endlwini. Ukubiza ingcali kudla ngokuba lula ukufumana umthombo wokuvuza kunye nokumisela amanyathelo alandelayo, ingakumbi xa ukuvuza kwenzeka endlwini engenalo uphahla olungaphantsi komhlaba okanye indawo yokukhasa ngaphezulu kophahla.
Nokuba akukho zimpawu zomonakalo ezibonakalayo, ukuba uphahla lungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala okanye alusekho kwiwaranti, kusenokuba lixesha lokuba umntu ochwephesha eluphahleni atshintshe uphahla. Ukutshintshwa kophahla olusebenzayo kuya kunceda ukuthintela umonakalo omkhulu kwisakhiwo sophahla nakwezinye iindawo zendlu kwixesha elizayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zophahla ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo, iindleko, imozulu kunye nabasebenzi. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane ukhetho olulungele wena.
Ii-shingle ze-asphalt ziseyeyona nto idumileyo yokufulela. Ngokutsho kwe-Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association, ii-shingle ze-asphalt zenza i-four-fifths yophahla lwezindlu e-United States. Ukuqina, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokulula kokufakwa kwee-shingle ze-asphalt kuthetha iindleko eziphantsi zomsebenzi xa kuqeshwa abakhi abaziingcali. Ii-shingle ze-asphalt zenziwe ngefayibha yeglasi, i-asphalt kunye namasuntswana e-ceramic. Ii-shingle zilula kwaye zifumaneka ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Zikwangenamanzi kwaye zibonelela ngobushushu obuhle.
Ii-shingle ze-asphalt azidingi nje kuphela ukulungiswa okuncinci, kodwa zisebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu anomoya ovuthuzayo, imvula kunye nomkhenkce rhoqo. Kukho uthotho lweendlela zokwakha kunye neendlela zokwakha ezivumela abanini bezindlu ukuba bafumane phantse nayiphi na inkangeleko abayifunayo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokomyinge, ii-shingle ze-asphalt zinokuhlala iminyaka engama-20, kodwa imozulu efudumeleyo nefumileyo inokunciphisa ubomi babo benkonzo ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10. Ukuba uphahla alukho mnqantsa kakhulu, abathandi be-DIY abangengabo abanamava banokufunda ukufaka ii-shingle ngokwabo.
Uphahla lweslate luxhaphakile kumntla-mpuma, apho izindlu zeGothic nezeVictorian ezineminyaka emininzi ziqhelekile. Imibala ibandakanya ongwevu obumnyama, oluhlaza nobomvu. Islate ayitshabalali kwaye ingasetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-100 nokuba imozulu imbi kakhulu. Uphahla lweslate ludla ngokuthathwa njengokhetho lodidi oluphezulu kubanini bezindlu, kuba olu lwakhiwo lubiza kakhulu kwaye lunzima.
Iingcali zophahla eziqhelekileyo azinawo amandla okusingatha umsebenzi wophahla lweslate. Iingcali zokwakha iimayini zihlala ziyingcali kuphela ezikwaziyo ukufaka islate ngokuchanekileyo. Asicebisi abantu abazenzela izinto ngokwabo ukuba bazame ukufaka okanye ukulungisa uphahla lweslate.
Iithayile ziyindlela ehlala ixesha elide kumakhaya aseFlorida naseMzantsi-ntshona. Zibonakalisa ubushushu, njengezakhiwo zesitayile saseMeditera okanye saseSpain. Ukufakwa kweethayile kunzima kwaye kunzima, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqeshe ingcali. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeethayile ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kumakhaya aseMelika: udongwe kunye nesamente.
Izitena zodongwe zihlala zimile okwemibhobho kwaye zinombala obomvu mdaka. Ekubeni iithayile zihlala ixesha elide kodwa zinzima, ulwakhiwo lophahla kufuneka luhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba lutshintshele kwiithayile zodongwe. Izitena zodongwe zingasetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-75, kodwa ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo yingxaki eqhelekileyo.
Izitena zesamente ziqinile, azitshi, azinazinambuzane kwaye ziyamelana nomonakalo wesichotho. Nangona zibiza kakhulu kunee-asphalt shingles, ii-concrete shingles zinokufana nee-bucket dongo tile ezibiza kakhulu, uphahla lweslate, okanye iiplanga zomthi, kwaye ixabiso lincinci kakhulu. Ulwakhiwo lophahla kufuneka luhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba utshintshele kwii-concrete tile kuba zinzima.
Uphahla lwesinyithi ludla ngokwenziwa ngemicu, iiphaneli okanye iithayile. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka intsimbi, i-aluminium, ithusi, kunye nee-alloys. Zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kulo lonke elaseMelika. Ngokwezakhono zabaphakeli, ubomi benkonzo yophahla lwesinyithi bude kakhulu kunobo be-asphalt shingles (ngokuvamile ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-50). Zihlala zineendawo ezinamaqhuqhuva okanye ezithambileyo, ezibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukugqitywa kopende lwefektri kunokuphucula inkangeleko iyonke yendlu ngokusebenzisa imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nokudibanisa.
Uphahla lwentsimbi luqinile, lukhaphukhaphu, alunamhlwa, alutshi kwaye luyasetyenziswa kwakhona. Lunokubonakalisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngempumelelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiintsapho ezikwimozulu efudumeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphahla lwentsimbi lunokuba bushelelezi kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezibandayo apho kuhlala kunekhephu. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufake izixhobo zokukhusela ikhephu emaphethelweni ophahla ukuthintela ikhephu elikhulu ukuba lingawi kwaye lonakalise abantu abadlulayo.
Ukuba akukho mngcipheko wokwenzakala kwabadlulayo, umphezulu ogudileyo wophahla lwesinyithi unokuba neengenelo ezinkulu xa kususwa ikhephu eluphahleni. Xa lina okanye lina isichotho, iphaneli yesinyithi nayo yenza isandi esikhulu. Oku kwenza iintsimbi ezingabizi kakhulu zibe sengozini yokuqhekeka, kodwa umphezulu othambileyo unokunceda ukufihla inkangeleko yeembobo, kwaye iintsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu akufuneki ziqhekeke lula.
Kucetyiswa ukuba uqeshe umntu ochwepheshayo ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi benkonzo yophahla lwesinyithi, kwaye ahlole umgangatho weemveliso ezithengiweyo.
Iishingle zomthi okanye iishingle zemithi zizinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezinembonakalo yendabuko, yendalo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, zihlala zijika zibe ngwevu ethambileyo, nto leyo enika indlu imbonakalo ethambileyo yasemakhaya. Akukhuthazwa ukuba abantu abafunda ukwenza izinto ngokwabo basebenzise iishingle okanye ukushukuma. Imithetho yendawo kufuneka ihlaziywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iishingle ziyavunyelwa. Uphahla lwemithi aluvumelekanga kwezinye iindawo zase-United States kuba lunokubangela umlilo. Ukuba zenziwe kakuhle, iishingle okanye ukushukuma kunokuthatha iminyaka engama-50.
Iishingle zerabha ezidityanisiweyo ziyindlela esebenzayo yokuthatha indawo yeeshingle ze-asphalt. Zenziwe ngomxube weplastiki kunye nerabha esetyenzisiweyo, nto leyo eyenza iishingle zerabha zibe lukhetho olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Zifana nee-slate kunye nee-milkshakes zomthi, nto leyo ezenza zibe zizinto ezinomtsalane nezifikelelekayo. Ithayile yerabha iqinile, ihlala ixesha elide, ayiboli kwaye ayinazinambuzane, kwaye inobomi benkonzo obufikelela kwiminyaka engama-50.
Nokuba uphahla lomninimzi lune-gable, lune-hip okanye luthe tyaba, ii-asphalt shingles zinika umninimzi ithuba lokufumana inkangeleko ecocekileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Ii-shingles eziqhelekileyo eziziinxalenye ezintathu zivumela umninimzi ukuba enze inkangeleko enemibala ngokusekelwe kwinani, imo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwee-strips.
Iithayile zokwakha zingongeza umaleko wobunzulu, zenze uphahla lubonakale lwenziwe ngokwezifiso, ngeepateni ezingaphindaphindwayo. Iithayile ezidibeneyo zibotshelelwa enye kwenye ukuphucula ukumelana nomoya kwimozulu embi kakhulu. Uninzi lweentlobo zeethayile zinemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkangeleko efunwa ngumninimzi kunye nezakhono zomqeshi oqeshiweyo, uyilo olunokwenzeka alunasiphelo.
Khumbula, xa uphahla luthambekele phezulu, kokukhona luya kucaca ngakumbi xa lusuka emhlabeni. Nxibelelana nomchwephesha wezophahla ukuze ubone ukuba loluphi uhlobo loyilo olulungele ikhaya lakho.
Umninimzi kufuneka athenge izinto zokufulela ezilungileyo aze afumane umakhi othembekileyo wokuzifaka. Inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokuthenga kukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwezixhobo olufunekayo, uze emva koko ujonge abavelisi abahlukeneyo. Qikelela kwaye uthelekise iindleko zomenzi ngamnye ngaphambi kokuba uthenge. Abakhi abaninzi baya kunika iingcebiso, kodwa qaphela ukuba abakhi abaninzi banokufumana iikhomishini zokuthengisa.
Umenzi ubala ixabiso lezinto zokuphahla ngesikwere (isikwere esinye silingana neenyawo ezili-100). Ukuze uqikelele ixabiso, linganisa icandelo lophahla ngeenyawo, uze uphindaphinde ubude nobubanzi ukuze ufumane indawo ngeenyawo ezisikwere. Ukuba ulinganisa iindawo ezininzi, yongeza iindawo uze wongeze malunga ne-10% yeenyawo zesikwere kwindawo iyonke ukuze usombulule inkunkuma enokubakho ngexesha lokufakwa. Yahlula isimbuku nge-100 ukuze ubone ukuba zingaphi izikwere zezinto ezinokufuneka.
Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zihlala zithengiswa ngeebhakede, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kubalulekile ukubona ukuba zingaphi iimitha zesikwere ezinokuthi zigutyungelwe yibhakede nganye. Cinga ngokuthenga ezinye izinto ukuze wonakalise kwixesha elizayo. Kumjikelo wobomi beminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-50, abavelisi banokuyeka ukuvelisa ezinye izinto, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuba neebhakede ezongezelelweyo kuya kwenza kube lula ukwenza unyango lwasekuhlaleni.
Iindleko zokufakela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisitayile sophahla, ubungakanani bomsebenzi obandakanyekayo, kunye nezinto zokuphahla. Jonga iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukuze ufumane ukuba ngowuphi umenzi wekontraka abamcebisayo. Ipolisi yomshuwalense womninimzi ingabandakanya noluhlu lwabenzi bekontraka abaqinisekisiweyo kwindawo okuyo. Khangela abakhi abanamava eminyaka embalwa ubuncinane kunye nodumo oluhle. Fumana ileta yengcebiso yendawo kwaye ucele imvume yendawo okanye yephondo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayaqatshelwa.
Xa ucela ibhidi, cela iinkcukacha zeendleko, kuquka abasebenzi, izixhobo, iindlela zewaranti, naziphi na iindleko ezongezelelweyo abanokuzizisa, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olungxamisekileyo xa kuvela iingxaki ezingalindelekanga. Sicebisa ukuba ucele iibhidi kubakhi abathathu ubuncinane ngaphambi kokuba utyikitye nasiphi na isivumelwano sokwenza umsebenzi.
Nceda uqiniseke ukuba uyayifunda imithetho yewaranti yobomi bonke yezinto zokuphahla. Nangona iwaranti ngamanye amaxesha zibhengezwa njengezisebenzayo ubomi bonke, zinokuhlala iminyaka eli-10 kuphela. Ukuba iwaranti isasebenza, umenzi uza kuzitshintsha ii-shingles ezineziphene simahla. Emva kokuba ixesha lewaranti liphelile, ixabiso lezinto zokuphahla liya kwehla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umninimzi uza kuhlawulwa kuphela ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Iwaranti yomenzi ayidli ngokugubungela imozulu engalindelekanga. Kwimeko enjalo, i-inshurensi yabanini bezindlu inokukhusela umnini wendlu.
Jonga ukuba iwaranti yomenzi ingadluliselwa kumnini omtsha na. Ukuba umninimzi ukhetha ukuthengisa indlu ngaphambi kokuba iwaranti yophahla iphelelwe, ukubonelela ngewaranti enokudluliselwa kuya kuba yinzuzo eyongezelelweyo kumthengi.
UChauncey wakhulela kwifama esemaphandleni kumantla eCalifornia. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, wahambahamba ihlabathi lonke ephethe ibhegi yomqolo kunye nekhadi letyala, waza wafumanisa ukuba ixabiso lokwenyani lamanqaku okanye iimayile lixhomekeke kumava aziswa yiyo. Ukhululekile kakhulu ukuhlala kwitrektara, kodwa uyaqonda ukuba ithuba lilapho alifumana khona, kwaye ukungakhululeki kunomdla ngaphezu kokwaneliseka.
ULexie ngumhleli oncedisayo onoxanduva lokubhala nokuhlela amanqaku kwimiba eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nosapho. Unamava aphantse abe yiminyaka emine kwicandelo lokuphucula ikhaya kwaye usebenzise ubuchule bakhe ngelixa esebenzela iinkampani ezifana neHomeAdvisor kunye ne-Angi (eyayisakuba yi-Angie's List).