Ukufakela uphahla kusengomnye weyona mihombiso yasekhaya ebiza kakhulu. Kulo lonke elaseUnited States, abaninimzi basebenzisa i-asphalt shingles ukuze bafulele kwaye bafake uphahla-olu hlobo luqhelekileyo lwezinto zokuhlala. I-asphalt shingles yomelele, ayibizi kwaye kulula ukuyifaka. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zokuphahla ziquka iithayile, isinyithi, iinkuni, kunye nesileyiti. Qinisekisa ukuba ujonga iimpawu zokonakala kophahla rhoqo ukuze uthintele iingxaki ezibiza imali eninzi. Ukuba uphahla lonakalisiwe, nceda ubone ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-site elula kuyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ukufakwa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uhlolo olubonakalayo oluqhelekileyo lwephahla ukujonga iimpawu zomonakalo. Iintlekele zendalo ezifana nenkanyamba, iinyikima, okanye imililo yimiqondiso ecacileyo yomonakalo wophahla, kodwa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zinokuba ngamabala okanye i-drips kwisilingi, iimpawu zokugqoka (ezifana neeshingles eziqhekekileyo okanye ezilahlekileyo), amabala e-rust, i-moss okanye ukukhula kwe-lichen, phantsi kwee-eves Ukuchithwa kwemibala okanye ukupeyinta ipeyinti.
Iishingles ze-asphalt zenziwe ngamasuntswana, athanda ukubola ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amalungu afunyenwe kwimibhobho yendlu angabonisa ukuba i-shingles iyaphuka kwaye ifuna ukutshintshwa.
Ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwisilingi, ukuba indlu ine-attic engagqitywanga okanye uphahla oluqingqiweyo, umninimzi unokugqiba umthombo wokuvuza. Amayeza okuvuza okulula abandakanya ukuzalisa iintanda nge-caulk, ukubuyisela ezinye iishingles okanye ukufaka iipaneli ezingangeni manzi ukuphambukisa amanzi kude nekhaya. Ukubiza ingcali kudla ngokuba lula ukufumana umthombo wokuvuza kunye nokumisela amanyathelo alandelayo, ngakumbi xa ukuvuza kwenzeka kwikhaya elingenaso i-attic engagqitywanga okanye isithuba sokukhasa ngaphezu kwesilingi.
Nangona akukho zibonakaliso ezicacileyo zomonakalo, ukuba uphahla lungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala okanye ngaphandle kwewaranti, kusenokuba ixesha lokuba uphahla oluchwephesha lutshintshe uphahla. Ukutshintshwa kophahla olusebenzayo kuya kunceda ukukhusela umonakalo omkhulu kwisakhiwo sophahla kunye nezinye iindawo zendlu kwixesha elizayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zephahla ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo, iindleko, imozulu kunye nomsebenzi. Funda ukuze ufumane eyona ndlela ilungileyo kuwe.
I-asphalt shingles iseyeyona ndlela idumileyo yezinto zokuphahla. Ngokutsho kweAsphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association, iasphalt shingles yenza isine kwisihlanu sophahla lwezindlu eUnited States. Ukuqina, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokulula kokufaka i-asphalt shingles kuthetha iindleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi xa kuqeshwa iikontraka eziqeqeshiwe. Iishingles ze-asphalt zenziwe ngefiber yeglasi, i-asphalt kunye ne-ceramic particles. Iishingles zilula ngobunzima kwaye zifumaneka ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ikwangangeni manzi kwaye ibonelela ngokugquma kakuhle.
Iishingles ze-asphalt azifuni nje ukugcinwa okuncinci, kodwa ziqhuba kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nomoya oqhelekileyo, imvula kunye nomkhenkce. Kukho uluhlu lweendlela zokuthunga kunye nezitayile zokwakha ezenza abaninimzi bafumane phantse nayiphi na inkangeleko abayifunayo ngexabiso lezoqoqosho. Ngokwe-avareji, i-asphalt shingles ingahlala iminyaka engama-20, kodwa imozulu efudumeleyo nefumileyo inokunciphisa ubomi babo benkonzo ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10. Ukuba uphahla alulubi kakhulu, abathanda i-DIY abangama-amateur banokufunda ukuzifakela iishingles ngokwabo.
Uphahla lwesileyiti luxhaphakile kumntla-mpuma, apho izindlu zeGothic kunye neVictorian kudala ziyinto eqhelekileyo. Imibala ibandakanya grey emnyama, eluhlaza kunye nobomvu. Isileyiti siphantse sangonakali kwaye sinokusetyenziswa ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-100 nakwimozulu embi. Uphahla lwe-slate luhlala lubhekwa njengento yokunethezeka kubanikazi bezindlu, kuba le nto ibiza kwaye inzima.
Iingcali zophahla eziqhelekileyo azikwazi ukuphatha umsebenzi we-slate uphahla. Iimashi ezichwepheshile zihlala kuphela ziingcali eziqeqeshiweyo ezinokufaka isileyiti ngokuchanekileyo. Asicebisi ii-DIYers ukuba zizame ukufaka okanye ukulungisa uphahla lwesileyiti.
Ithayile lukhetho oluzinzileyo kumakhaya aseFlorida naseMazantsi-ntshona. Babonisa ukushisa, okufana neMeditera okanye izakhiwo zesitayela saseSpain. Ukufakwa kwe-tile kunzima kwaye kunzima, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqeshe ingcali. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeethayile eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwimizi yaseMelika: udongwe kunye nekhonkrithi.
Izitena zodongwe zihlala zimile okwebhari kwaye zibomvu ngombala omdaka. Ekubeni iithayile zihlala ixesha elide kodwa zinzima, isakhiwo sophahla kufuneka sihlolwe ngaphambi kokutshintshela kwiileyile zodongwe. Izitena zodongwe zingasetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-75, kodwa ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo yingxaki eqhelekileyo.
Izitena zekhonkrithi zinamandla, zingenamlilo, azinazinambuzane kwaye ziyamelana nomonakalo wesichotho. Nangona zibiza kakhulu kuneeshingles zeasphalt, iishingles zekonkile zinokufana neethayile zodongwe zebhakethi ezibiza kakhulu, uphahla lwesileyiti, okanye amaplanga, yaye ixabiso lincinane kakhulu. Ulwakhiwo lwephahla kufuneka luhlolwe phambi kokutshintshela kwiithayile zekhonkrithi kuba zinzima.
Uphahla lwentsimbi ludla ngokuqulunqwa ngemicu, iipaneli okanye iithayile. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka intsimbi, i-aluminium, ubhedu, kunye ne-alloys. Zinokufumaneka kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke elase-United States. Ngokutsho kwezakhono zophahla, ubomi benkonzo yophahla lwentsimbi bude kakhulu kune-asphalt shingles (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50). Ngokuqhelekileyo zineendawo ezinqamlekileyo okanye eziqingqiweyo, ezibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibanzi. Ukugqitywa kwepeyinti yefektri kunokuphucula inkangeleko yonke yendlu ngokusebenzisa imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nokudibanisa.
Uphahla lwentsimbi lomelele, lukhaphukhaphu, luyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa, alunamlilo kwaye lunokurisayikilishwa. Bangakwazi ukubonakalisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya kwelanga, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokuzikhethela kwiintsapho kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphahla lwentsimbi lunokuba lula kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezibandayo apho kuhlala kukho ikhephu. Kunconywa ukuba kufakwe izixhobo zokukhusela ikhephu kumda wephahla ukukhusela ikhephu elinzima ekuweni kunye nokulimala kwabadlulayo.
Ukuba akukho mngcipheko wokulimala kwabadlulayo, indawo egudileyo yophahla lwentsimbi inokuzisa inzuzo enkulu xa ususa ikhephu eluphahleni. Xa kune imvula okanye isichotho, ipaneli yentsimbi nayo yenza isandi esikhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba iintsimbi ezingabizi kakhulu zithande ukubola, kodwa umgangatho owenziweyo unokunceda ukuvala inkangeleko yezibonda, kwaye iintsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu akufuneki ziboboke ngokulula.
Kunconywa ukuba uqeshe uphahla oluchwephesha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi benkonzo yophahla lwentsimbi, kunye nokuvavanya umgangatho weemveliso ezithengiweyo.
Iingcingo zokhuni okanye i-shingles zizinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nenkangeleko yendabuko, yendalo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, bavame ukujika babe grey ethambileyo, enika indlu imbonakalo efihlakeleyo ye-rustic. Akukhuthazwa ukuba ii-DIYers ezifundayo zisebenzise iishingles okanye ukungcangcazela. Imimiselo yendawo kufuneka kwakhona iqwalaselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iishingles zivumelekile. Uphahla lwamaplanga aluvumelekanga kwezinye iindawo zaseUnited States kuba lunokubangela imililo. Ukuba kwenziwe kakuhle, iishingles okanye ukungcangcazela kunokuhlala ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-50.
I-Rubber composite shingles ithatha indawo esebenzayo ye-asphalt shingles. Zenziwe ngomxube weplastiki kunye nerabha esetyenzisiweyo, ukwenza i-shingles yerabha ibe yinto ehambelana nokusingqongileyo. Zifana ne-slate kunye ne-milkshakes yokhuni, eyenza ibe yinto ekhangayo kunye nefikelelekayo. I-tile yerabha iqinile, iqinile, iyakwazi ukubola kunye nezinambuzane, kwaye inobomi benkonzo ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uphahla lomninimzi luyi-gable, i-hip okanye i-flat-topped, i-asphalt shingles inika umninimzi ithuba lokufezekisa ukubonakala okucocekileyo kwixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Umgangatho we-3-piece shingles uvumela umninimzi ukuba enze imbonakalo yokwakheka ngokusekelwe kwinani, imilo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemicu.
Ukwakha iithayile kunokongeza umaleko wobunzulu, okwenza uphahla lubukeke luyi-custom-custom, kunye neepatheni ezingenakuphindaphinda. Iileyile ezidibeneyo zibotshelelwe omnye komnye ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana nomoya kwimozulu embi. Uninzi lweentlobo zeeshingles zinemibala emininzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkangeleko efunwa ngumninikhaya kunye nezakhono zekontraka eqeshwayo, uyilo olunokwenzeka luphantse lungapheli.
Khumbula, i-speeper i-slope yophahla, kuya kubonakala ngakumbi ukusuka emhlabeni. Qhagamshelana nengcali yophahla ukuze ubone ukuba loluphi uhlobo loyilo olulungele ikhaya lakho.
Umninimzi kufuneka athenge eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuphahla kwaye afumane ikontraki ethembekileyo yokuyifaka. Inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokuthenga kukumisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwemathiriyeli efunekayo, kwaye emva koko uthenge malunga nabavelisi abahlukeneyo. Qikelela kwaye uthelekise iindleko zomenzi ngamnye phambi kokuthenga. Iikontraka ezininzi ziya kunika iingcebiso, kodwa qaphela ukuba iikontraki ezininzi zinokufumana iikomishoni zokuthengisa.
Umenzi ubala ixabiso lezinto zokuphahla ngesikwere (isikwere esinye silingana neenyawo ezili-100). Ukuqikelela iindleko, linganisa icandelo lophahla ngeenyawo, uze uphindaphinde ubude nobubanzi ukuze ufumane indawo kwiinyawo zesikwere. Ukuba ulinganisa amacandelo amaninzi, yongeza iindawo kwaye ungeze malunga ne-10% yeenyawo zesikwere kwindawo epheleleyo ukusombulula inkunkuma enokubakho ngexesha lofakelo. Yahlula itotali nge-100 ukumisela ukuba zingaphi izikwere zezinto ezifunekayo.
Izinto eziphathekayo zivame ukuthengiswa kwimiqulu, oku kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukubona ukuba zingaphi iinyawo zesikwere ngasinye esinokugubungela. Cinga ngokuthenga imathiriyeli eyongezelelweyo ukwenzela umonakalo kwixesha elizayo. Kumjikelo wobomi beminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-50, abavelisi banokuyeka ukuvelisa izixhobo ezithile, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuba neenyanda ezongezelelweyo esandleni kuya kwenza kube lula ukwenza unyango lwasekhaya.
Iindleko zokufakela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisitayela sophahla, ubuninzi bomsebenzi obandakanyekayo, kunye nezinto zokuphahla. Jonga iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukuze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi ikontraka abayicebisayo. Ipolisi ye-inshorensi yomninikhaya inokubandakanya noluhlu lweekontraka eziqinisekisiweyo kwindawo yakho. Khangela iikontraka ubuncinane iminyaka embalwa yamava kunye nodumo oluhle. Fumana ileta yengcebiso yendawo kwaye ucele imvume yendawo okanye yelizwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zamkelwa.
Xa ucela ibhidi, cela iinkcukacha zeendleko, kuquka abasebenzi, izixhobo zokusebenza, iinketho zewaranti, naziphi na iindleko ezongezelelekileyo abanokuzizisa, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olungxamisekileyo xa kukho iingxaki ezingalindelekanga. Sicebisa ukuba kucelwe iibhidi kubakontraki abathathu ubuncinci phambi kokuba batyikitye nasiphi na isivumelwano sokuqhuba umsebenzi.
Nceda uqiniseke ukuba ufunda imithetho yewaranti yobomi kwizinto zokuphahla. Nangona iwaranti ngamanye amaxesha zibhengezwa njengezisebenzayo ubomi bonke, zinokuhlala iminyaka eli-10 kuphela. Ukuba iwaranti isasebenza, umenzi uya kuthatha indawo yeeshingles ezineziphene ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Emva kokuba ixesha lewaranti liphelile, ixabiso lezinto zokuphahla liya kuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umninikhaya uya kuhlawulwa kuphela ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Iwaranti yomenzi ayisoloko igubungela imozulu engalindelekanga. Kule meko, i-inshurensi yabaninikhaya inokukhusela umninimzi.
Jonga ukuba iwaranti yomenzi ingagqithiselwa kumnini omtsha. Ukuba umninimzi ukhetha ukuthengisa indlu ngaphambi kokuba iwaranti yophahla iphelelwe yisikhathi, ukubonelela ngewaranti yokudluliselwa kuya kuba yinzuzo eyongezelelweyo kumthengi.
UChauncey wakhulela kwifama esemaphandleni emantla eCalifornia. Ngeminyaka eyi-18, wahamba ngehlabathi kunye ne-backpack kunye nekhadi lekhredithi, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ixabiso lokwenene lazo naziphi na iingongoma okanye iikhilomitha zilele kumava azisa. Ukhululekile kakhulu xa ehleli kwitrektara, kodwa uyaliqonda elo thuba kulapho alifumana khona, kwaye ukungonwabi kunomdla ngakumbi kunokuzola.
ULexie ngumncedisi womhleli onoxanduva lokubhala kunye nokuhlela amanqaku kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nosapho. Uneminyaka ephantse ibe mine yamava kwicandelo lokuphucula ikhaya kwaye usebenzise ubuchule bakhe ngelixa esebenzela iinkampani ezifana ne-HomeAdvisor kunye ne-Angi (eyayisakuba uLuhlu luka-Angie).