Ukufakwa kophahla kusengomunye wemihlobiso yasekhaya ebiza kakhulu. Kulo lonke elase-United States, abanikazi bezindlu basebenzisa ama- asphalt shingles ukuze bafulele futhi bafulele kabusha—lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwempahla yokufulela yokuhlala. I-asphalt shingles iqinile, ayibizi futhi kulula ukuyifaka. Ezinye izinto ezivamile zokufulela zihlanganisa amathayili, insimbi, ukhuni, nezileti. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola izimpawu zokonakala kophahla njalo ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezibizayo. Uma uphahla lonakele, sicela unqume ukuthi ukulungiswa okulula endaweni kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokukhetha ukufakwa kabusha okuphelele.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile ophahleni ukuze ubheke izimpawu zomonakalo. Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana neziphepho, ukuzamazama komhlaba, noma imililo yizimpawu ezisobala zomonakalo ophahleni, kodwa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zingase zibe amabala noma amaconsi ophahleni, izimpawu zokuguga (njengama-shingles aqhekekile noma alahlekile), izindawo zokugqwala, ukukhula kwe-moss noma ulele, ngaphansi kwe-eves Ukushintsha umbala noma upende oxebukayo.
Ama-shingles e-asphalt akhiwe yizinhlayiya, ezivame ukubola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinhlayiya ezitholakala kumadrain asendlini zingase zibonise ukuthi ama-shingles ayaqhuma futhi adinga ukushintshwa.
Uma kukhona ukuvuza ophahleni, uma indlu ine-attic engaqediwe noma uphahla olugxotshiwe, umninikhaya anganquma umthombo wokuvuza. Amakhambi okuvuza okulula ahlanganisa ukugcwalisa imifantu nge-caulk, ukushintsha ama-shingles noma ukufaka amaphaneli angangeni manzi ukuze aphambukise amanzi kude nekhaya. Ukushayela uchwepheshe ngokuvamile kulula ukuthola umthombo wokuvuza nokunquma izinyathelo ezilandelayo, ikakhulukazi uma ukuvuza kwenzeka ekhaya elingenayo i-attic engaqediwe noma isikhala sokukhasa ngaphezu kosilingi.
Ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu ezicacile zomonakalo, uma uphahla luneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ubudala noma lungaphandle kwewaranti, kungase kube isikhathi sokuthi uphahla ochwepheshe athathe indawo yophahla. Ukushintshwa kophahla olusebenzayo kuzosiza ukuvimbela umonakalo omkhulu esakhiweni sophahla nezinye izingxenye zendlu esikhathini esizayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zophahla ezifanele izidingo ezahlukene, izindleko, isimo sezulu kanye nomsebenzi. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ama-Asphalt shingles asewuhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu lwezinto zokufulela. Ngokwe-Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association, ama-asphalt shingles akha izingxenye ezine kwezinhlanu zophahla lwezindlu e-United States. Ukuqina, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokulula kokufakwa kwama-asphalt shingles kusho izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi lapho kuqashwa osonkontileka abangochwepheshe. Ama-shingles e-asphalt akhiwe nge-glass fiber, asphalt kanye nezinhlayiya ze-ceramic. Ama-shingles anesisindo esincane futhi atholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Ayingeni futhi amanzi futhi ihlinzeka ngokufakwa kahle.
I-Asphalt shingles ayidingi nje ukulungiswa okuncane, kodwa futhi yenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kunomoya ovamile, imvula kanye neqhwa. Kukhona uchungechunge lwezitayela nezitayela zezakhiwo ezivumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi bathole cishe noma yikuphi ukubukeka abakufunayo ngentengo yokonga. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-asphalt shingles angahlala iminyaka engu-20, kodwa isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama singanciphisa impilo yabo yesevisi ibe iminyaka eyi-10. Uma uphahla lungaconsi kakhulu, abathanda i-DIY abayimfundamakhwela bangafunda ukuzifakela ama-shingles ngokwabo.
Uphahla lwe-slate luvamile enyakatho-mpumalanga, lapho izindlu ze-Gothic kanye ne-Victorian zamakhulu eminyaka ziyinto evamile. Imibala ihlanganisa okumpunga okumnyama, okuluhlaza okotshani nokubomvu. Isileyithi sicishe singabhubhi futhi singasetshenziswa iminyaka engu-100 ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu. Uphahla lwe-slate luvame ukubhekwa njengento yokunethezeka kubanikazi bezindlu, ngoba le nto iyabiza futhi iyasinda.
Ochwepheshe bophahla abavamile abanalo ikhono lokusingatha umsebenzi we-slate ophahleni. Abamashi abangochwepheshe imvamisa yibona kuphela ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe abakwazi ukufaka isileyithi ngendlela efanele. Asincomi ama-DIYers ukuthi azame ukufaka noma ukulungisa uphahla lwe-slate.
Ithayela liyisinqumo esihlala isikhathi eside samakhaya aseFlorida naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga. Zibonisa ukushisa, okufana nezakhiwo zesitayela saseMedithera noma zaseSpain. Ukufakwa kwe-tile kunzima futhi kuyakhandla, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuqasha uchwepheshe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-tile ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini zaseMelika: ubumba nokhonkolo.
Izitini zobumba zivame ukumise okwe-barrel futhi zibe nsundu ngokubomvu ngombala. Njengoba amathayili ehlala isikhathi eside kodwa asindayo, isakhiwo sophahla kufanele sihlolwe ngaphambi kokushintshela kumatayela obumba. Izitini zobumba zingasetshenziswa iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-75, kodwa ukuchotshozwa noma ukuqhekeka ngenxa yengcindezi kuyinkinga evamile.
Izitini zikakhonkolo ziqinile, zingashi, azikwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane futhi zimelana nomonakalo wesichotho. Nakuba kubiza kakhulu kune-asphalt shingles, ama-shingles kakhonkolo angafana namathayela obumba wamabhakede abiza kakhulu, uphahla lwezileyithi, noma amapulangwe, futhi izindleko ziyingxenye encane nje yawo. Isakhiwo sophahla kufanele sihlolwe ngaphambi kokushintshela kuma-tile kakhonkolo ngoba ayasinda.
Uphahla lwensimbi luvame ukwakhiwa ngamapheshana, amaphaneli noma amathayili. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka insimbi, i-aluminium, ithusi, nama-alloys. Angatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukene zezulu kulo lonke elase-United States. Ngokusho kwamakhono ama-roofers, impilo yesevisi yophahla lwensimbi yinde kakhulu kune-asphalt shingles (ngokuvamile kuze kube yiminyaka engu-50). Ngokuvamile zinezindawo ezima-ridge noma ezithungwe, ezihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi zezitayela. Ukuqedwa kopende wefekthri kungabuye kuthuthukise ukubukeka kwendlu yonke ngokusebenzisa imibala ehlukene nezinhlanganisela.
Uphahla lwensimbi luqinile, alusindi, alukwazi ukugqwala, alushi futhi luyasebenziseka kabusha. Bangakwazi ukukhombisa ngokuphumelelayo ukukhanya kwelanga, okubenza babe ukukhetha okusebenzayo emindenini ezindaweni ezifudumele. Nokho, uphahla lwensimbi lungashelela kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo lapho kuvame ukukhithika. Kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe amadivaysi okuvikela iqhwa emaphethelweni ophahleni ukuze kuvinjwe iqhwa elinzima ukuthi lingawi futhi lilimaze abadlulayo.
Uma ingekho ingozi yokulimala kwabadlulayo, indawo ebushelelezi yophahla lwensimbi ingase ilethe izinzuzo ezinkulu lapho isusa iqhwa ophahleni. Lapho lina noma isichotho, iphaneli yensimbi nayo yenza umsindo omkhulu. Lokhu kwenza izinsimbi ezishibhile zithambekele ekubeni nama-dent, kodwa indawo ebhalwe phansi ingasiza ukuvala ukubonakala kwamazinyo, futhi izinsimbi zekhwalithi ephezulu akufanele ziboboke kalula.
Kunconywa ukuqasha u-roofer ochwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nempilo yesevisi yophahla lwensimbi, nokuhlola ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ethengiwe.
Ama-shingles ezinkuni noma ama-shingles yizinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinokubukeka kwendabuko, kwemvelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zivame ukuphenduka zibe grey ezithambile, okunikeza indlu ukubukeka okucashile kwe-rustic. Akunconyelwe ukuthi ama-DIYers angamateur asebenzise ama-shingles noma ukunyakazisa. Imithetho yendawo kufanele futhi ibuyekezwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-shingles avunyelwe. Uphahla lwamapulangwe aluvunyelwe kwezinye izindawo zase-United States ngoba lungabangela imililo. Uma kwenziwa kahle, ama-shingles noma ukuzamazama kungahlala iminyaka engama-50.
I-Rubber composite shingles ithatha indawo ephumelelayo ye-asphalt shingles. Zenziwe ngengxube yepulasitiki kanye nerabha egaywe kabusha, okwenza ama-shingles enjoloba abe inketho evumelana nemvelo. Zifana ne-slate kanye nama-milkshakes ezinkuni, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo futhi ethengekayo. Ithayela lenjoloba liqinile, liqinile, alikwazi ukubola futhi alikwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane, futhi linempilo yesevisi efinyelela eminyakeni engama-50.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphahla lomninikhaya luyi-gable, i-hip noma i-flat-topped, i-asphalt shingles inikeza umninikhaya ithuba lokufeza ukubukeka okucwengisisiwe ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Ama-shingles aneziqephu ezi-3 ezijwayelekile avumela umninikhaya ukuthi enze ukubukeka okuthungwe ngokusekelwe enanini, umumo, nokuqondanisa kwemicu.
Ukwakha amathayela angakwazi ukwengeza ungqimba wokujula, okwenza uphahla lubukeke ngokwezifiso, ngamaphethini angaphindi. Ama-tile ahlangene ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye ukuze athuthukise ukumelana komoya esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-shingles nazo zinemibala eminingi. Kuye ngokubukeka umninikhaya akufunayo kanye namakhono onkontileka oqashiwe, imiklamo engase ibe khona cishe ayipheli.
Khumbula, lapho umqansa wophahla ukhuphuka, kuyoba sobala kakhulu ukusuka phansi. Xhumana nochwepheshe bezophahla ukuze uthole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomklamo olulungele ikhaya lakho.
Umninikhaya kufanele athenge impahla yokufulela engcono kakhulu futhi athole usonkontileka onokwethenjelwa ukuze ayifake. Isinyathelo sokuqala enqubweni yokuthenga ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwempahla edingekayo, bese uthengela abakhiqizi abahlukene. Linganisela futhi uqhathanise izindleko zomkhiqizi ngamunye ngaphambi kokuthenga. Osonkontileka abaningi bazonikeza izeluleko, kodwa qaphela ukuthi osonkontileka abaningi bangathola amakhomishana okuthengisa.
Umkhiqizi ubala inani lentengo yezinto zokufulela ngesikwele (isikwele esisodwa silingana namamitha-skwele ayi-100). Ukuze ulinganise izindleko, linganisa ingxenye yophahla ngezinyawo, bese uphindaphinda ubude nobubanzi ukuze uthole indawo ngamamitha-skwele. Uma ukala izingxenye eziningi, engeza izindawo bese wengeza cishe u-10% wamafidi ayisikwele endaweni ephelele ukuze uxazulule udoti ongaba khona ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Hlukanisa isamba ngo-100 ukuze uthole ukuthi zingaki izikwele ezibonakalayo ezingadingeka.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukuthengiswa zibe izinyanda, okusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukubona ukuthi inyanda ngayinye ingamboza zingaki amafidi ayisikwele. Cabangela ukuthenga izinto ezengeziwe zokulimala kwesikhathi esizayo. Emjikelezweni wokuphila weminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-50, abakhiqizi bangase bayeke ukukhiqiza izinto ezithile, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuba nezinyanda ezengeziwe esandleni kuzokwenza kube lula ukwenza ukwelashwa kwendawo.
Izindleko zokufaka zingahluka kuye ngesitayela sophahla, inani lomsebenzi ohilelekile, nezinto zokufulela. Hlola iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi ukuze uthole ukuthi yimuphi usonkontileka abancomayo. Umshwalense womninikhaya ungase futhi ufake uhlu losonkontileka abaqinisekisiwe endaweni yangakini. Bheka osonkontileka abanolwazi okungenani lweminyaka embalwa nedumela elihle. Thola incwadi yesincomo yendawo bese ucela imvume yendawo noma yesifunda ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ziyaziwa.
Lapho ucela ibhidi, cela imininingwane yezindleko, okuhlanganisa abasebenzi, izinto zokwakha, izinketho zewaranti, noma yiziphi izindleko ezengeziwe abangaziletha, kanye nesabelomali esiphuthumayo uma kuba nezinkinga ezingalindelekile. Sincoma ukuthi ucele amabhidi kosonkontileka okungenani abathathu ngaphambi kokusayina noma yisiphi isivumelwano sokwenza umsebenzi.
Sicela uqiniseke ukuthi ufunda imithetho yewaranti yempilo yonke yezinto zokufulela. Nakuba iziqinisekiso ngezinye izikhathi zikhangiswa njengezisebenza impilo yonke, zingahlala iminyaka eyi-10 kuphela. Uma iwaranti isasebenza, umenzi uzothatha indawo yama-shingles angasebenzi mahhala. Ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi sewaranti, inani lezinto zokufulela lizokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umninikhaya uzonxeshezelwa kuphela ngenani eliphansi.
Iwaranti yomkhiqizi ngokuvamile ayifaki isimo sezulu esingalindelekile ngokwedlulele. Kulokhu, umshwalense wabanikazi bezindlu ungavikela umninikhaya.
Hlola ukuthi iwaranti yomkhiqizi ingadluliselwa yini kumnikazi omusha. Uma umninikhaya ekhetha ukuthengisa indlu ngaphambi kokuba iwaranti yophahla iphelelwe yisikhathi, ukunikeza iwaranti edluliswayo kuyoba inzuzo eyengeziwe kumthengi.
UChauncey wakhulela epulazini elisemaphandleni asenyakatho yeCalifornia. Lapho eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, wahamba emhlabeni wonke ephethe ubhaka nekhadi lesikweletu, futhi wathola ukuthi inani langempela lanoma yimaphi amaphuzu noma amamayela likulwazi olulethwayo. Unethezeke kakhulu ehlezi phezu kukagandaganda, kodwa uyaliqonda lelo thuba lapho alithola khona, futhi ukungakhululeki kuyathakazelisa kunokunganeliseki.
U-Lexie ungumsizi womhleli onomthwalo wemfanelo wokubhala nokuhlela ama-athikili ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nomndeni. Cishe unesipiliyoni seminyaka emine emkhakheni wokuthuthukisa ikhaya futhi usebenzise ubuchwepheshe bakhe ngesikhathi esebenzela izinkampani ezifana ne-HomeAdvisor kanye no-Angi (owayekade eyi-Angie's List).